Does the Practice of CrossFit interfere with the Function of the Masticatory Muscles?
Resumo
Abstract
CrossFit is a regular high-intensity physical conditioning exercise for skeletal striated muscles, which promotes functional changes in the human body. The study aimed to investigate the impact of CrossFit practice on the electromyographic activity of the masseter and temporalis muscles. This was an observational study. Forty subjects were divided into two groups: athletes who practiced CrossFit (n=20) and controls who did not practice sports (n=20). The electromyographic activities of the masseter and temporalis muscles were measured using mandibular tasks at rest, protrusion, right and left laterality, dental clenching in maximum voluntary contraction and habitual chewing (peanuts and raisins). Both the groups were matched for age, sex, and body mass index. The data were analyzed using the t-test with a 5% significance level. Reduced electromyographic activities were found in all mandibular tasks in the CrossFit group than in the control group, with a significant difference for the right masseter (p=0.01), left masseter (p=0.001), and right temporal muscles (p=0.001) at mandibular rest; right (p=0.001) and left (p=0.001) masseter muscle at habitual chewing (peanuts). The results of this study suggest that CrossFit practice promotes positive changes in electromyographic activity of the masticatory muscles, especially in the mandibular rest and chewing of hard food. CrossFit exercise practiced within the appropriate technical protocols improves masticatory muscle function.
Keywords: Crossfit. Electromyography. Masticatory Muscle. Stomatognathic System.
Resumo
CrossFit é um exercício regular de condicionamento físico de alta intensidade para músculos esqueléticos estriados, que promove mudanças funcionais no corpo humano. O estudo teve como objetivo investigar o impacto da prática de CrossFit na atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos masseter e temporal. Este foi um estudo observacional. Quarenta indivíduos foram distribuídos em dois grupos: atletas que praticavam CrossFit (n=20) e controles que não praticavam esportes (n=20). As atividades eletromiográficas dos músculos masseter e temporal foram medidas utilizando tarefas mandibulares em repouso, protrusão, lateralidades direita e esquerda, apertamento dental em contração voluntária máxima e mastigação habitual (amendoins e passas). Ambos os grupos foram pareados por idade, sexo e índice de massa corporal. Os dados foram analisados usando o teste t com um nível de significância de 5%. Atividades eletromiográficas reduzidas foram encontradas em todas as tarefas mandibulares no grupo CrossFit em comparação com o grupo controle, com diferença significante para o masseter direito (p=0,01), masseter esquerdo (p=0,001) e músculos temporais direitos (p=0,001) em repouso mandibular; músculo masseter direito (p=0,001) e esquerdo (p=0,001) durante a mastigação habitual (amendoins). Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a prática de CrossFit promove mudanças positivas na atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos mastigatórios, especialmente no repouso mandibular e na mastigação de alimentos consistentes. O exercício de CrossFit praticado dentro dos protocolos técnicos adequados melhora a função dos músculos mastigatórios.
Palavras-chave: CrossFit. Eletromiografia. Músculo Mastigatório. Sistema Estomatognático.
Referências
Fabrin SCV, Palinkas M, Fioco EM, Gomes GGC, Regueiro EMG, da Silva GP, et al. Functional assessment of respiratory muscles and lung capacity of CrossFit athletes J Exerc Rehabil. 2023;19:67-74.
Tafuri S, Salatino G, Napoletano PL, Monno A, Notarnicola A. The risk of injuries among CrossFit athletes: an Italian observational retrospective survey. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2019;59:1544-50.
Claudino JG, Gabbett TJ, Bourgeois F, Souza HS, Miranda RC, Mezêncio B, et al. CrossFit overview: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med Open 2018;4:11.
Gean RP, Martin RD, Cassat M, Mears SC. A systematic review and meta-analysis of injury in crossfit. J Surg Orthop Adv 2020;29:26-30.
Sprey JW, Ferreira T, de Lima MV, Duarte A Jr, Jorge PB, Santili C. An Epidemiological Profile of CrossFit Athletes in Brazil. Orthop J Sports Med 2016;4:2325967116663706.
Moran S, Booker H, Staines J, Williams S. Rates and risk factors of injury in CrossFitTM: a prospective cohort study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2017;57:1147-53.
Timón R, Olcina G, Camacho-Cardeñosa M, Camacho-Cardenosa A, Martinez-Guardado I, Marcos-Serrano M. 48-hour recovery of biochemical parameters and physical performance after two modalities of CrossFit workouts. Biol Sport 2019;36:283-9.
Hopkins BS, Cloney MB, Kesavabhotla K, Yamaguchi J, Smith ZA, Koski TR, Hsu WK, Dahdaleh NS. Impact of CrossFit-related spinal injuries. Clin J Sport Med 2019;29:482-5.
Sugimoto D, Zwicker RL, Quinn BJ, Myer GD, Stracciolini A. Part II: comparison of crossfit-related injury presenting to sports medicine clinic by sex and age. Clin J Sport Med 2020;30:251-6.
Militi A, Cicciù M, Sambataro S, Bocchieri S, Cervino G, De Stefano R, et al. Dental occlusion and sport performance. Minerva Stomatol 2020;69:112-8.
Sant'Anna ML, Oliveira LT, Gomes DV, Marques STF, Provance DW Jr, Sorenson MM, et al. Physical exercise stimulates salivary secretion of cystatins. PLoS One 2019;14:e0224147.
Valesan LF, Da-Cas CD, Réus JC, Denardin ACS, Garanhani RR, Bonotto D, et al. Prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2021;25:441-53.
Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2000;10:361-74.
Di Palma E, Tepedino M, Chimenti C, Tartaglia GM, Sforza C. Effects of the functional orthopaedic therapy on masticatory muscles activity. J Clin Exp Dent 2017;9:e886-91.
Moreto Santos C, Palinkas M, Mestriner-Júnior W, Hallak Regalo I, Batista de Vasconcelos P, José Dias F, et al. Stomathognatic system function in indigenous people from Brazilian Xingu villages: An electromyographic analysis. PLoS One 2020;15:e0243495.
Siéssere S, de Albuquerque Lima N, Semprini M, de Sousa LG, Paulo Mardegan Issa J, Aparecida Caldeira Monteiro S, Cecílio Hallak Regalo S. Masticatory process in individuals with maxillary and mandibular osteoporosis: electromyographic analysis. Osteoporos Int 2009;20:1847-51.
Righetti M, Taube O, Palinkas M, Gonçalves L, Rufato F, Arnoni V, et al. Understanding the role of osteoarthrosis on electromyographic activity of masticatory muscles and quality of life. J Clin Exp Dent 2020;12:e342-7.
Ippolito DR, Stipa C, Cameli M, Sorrenti G, Pelligra I, Alessandri-Bonetti G. Maximum voluntary retrusion or habitual bite position for mandibular advancement assessment in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea patients. J Oral Rehabil 2020;47:301-6.
Feito Y, Burrows EK, Tabb LP. A 4-year analysis of the incidence of injuries among crossfit-trained participants. Orthop J Sports Med. 2018;6:2325967118803100.
Nukaga H, Takeda T, Nakajima K, Narimatsu K, Ozawa T, Ishigami K, et al. Masseter muscle activity in track and field athletes: a pilot study. Open Dent J 2016;10:474-85.
Gogojewicz A, Śliwicka E, Durkalec-Michalski K. Assessment of dietary intake and nutritional status in crossfit-trained individuals: a descriptive study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17:4772.
Baritello O, Khajooei M, Engel T, Kopinski S, Quarmby A, Mueller S, et al. Neuromuscular shoulder activity during exercises with different combinations of stable and unstable weight mass. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2020;12:21.
Tibana RA, de Almeida LM, Frade de Sousa NM, Nascimento Dda C, Neto IV, de Almeida JA, et al. Two consecutive days of crossfit training affects pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and osteoprotegerin without impairments in muscle power. Front Physiol 2016;7:260.
Jacob N, Novaes JS, Behm DG, Vieira JG, Dias MR, Vianna JM. Characterization of hormonal, metabolic, and inflammatory responses in crossfit® training: a systematic review. Front Physiol 2020;11:1001.
Bostock H, Jacobsen AB, Tankisi H. Motor unit number index and compound muscle action potential amplitude. Clin Neurophysiol 2019;130:1734-40.
O'Rourke AR, Lindsay A, Tarpey MD, Yuen S, McCourt P, Nelson DM, et al. Impaired muscle relaxation and mitochondrial fission associated with genetic ablation of cytoplasmic actin isoforms. FEBS J. 2018;285:481-500.
Granata C, Jamnick NA, Bishop DJ. Training-induced changes in mitochondrial content and respiratory function in human skeletal muscle. Sports Med 2018;48:1809-28.
Kestenbaum B, Gamboa J, Liu S, Ali AS, Shankland E, Jue T, et al. Impaired skeletal muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics and physical performance in chronic kidney disease. JCI Insight 2020;5:e133289.
Richardson RS, Duteil S, Wary C, Wray DW, Hoff J, Carlier PG. Human skeletal muscle intracellular oxygenation: the impact of ambient oxygen availability. J Physiol. 2006;571:415-24.
Andersson DC, Marks AR. Fixing ryanodine receptor Ca leak - a novel therapeutic strategy for contractile failure in heart and skeletal muscle. Drug Discov Today Dis Mech 2010;7:e151-7.
Sweeney HL, Hammers DW. Muscle contraction. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:023200.
Rodrigues JA, Prímola-Gomes TN, Soares LL, Leal TF, Nóbrega C, Pedrosa DL, et al. Physical exercise and regulation of intracellular calcium in cardiomyocytes of hypertensive rats. Arq Bras Cardiol 2018;111:172-9.
Haakonssen EC, Ross ML, Knight EJ, Cato LE, Nana A, Wluka AE, et al. The effects of a calcium-rich pre-exercise meal on biomarkers of calcium homeostasis in competitive female cyclists: a randomised crossover trial. PLoS One 2015;10:e0123302.
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Os autores devem ceder expressamente os direitos autorais à Kroton Educacional, sendo que a cessão passa a valer a partir da submissão do artigo, ou trabalho em forma similar, ao sistema eletrônico de publicações institucionais. A revista se reserva o direito de efetuar, nos originais, alterações de ordem normativa, ortográfica e gramatical, com vistas a manter o padrão culto da língua, respeitando, porém, o estilo dos autores. As provas finais serão enviadas aos autores. Os trabalhos publicados passam a ser propriedade da Kroton Educacional, ficando sua reimpressão total ou parcial, sujeita à autorização expressa da direção da Kroton Educacional. O conteúdo relatado e as opiniões emitidas pelos autores dos artigos são de sua exclusiva responsabilidade.
